Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(1), 9-16, 2025

https://doi.org/10.62574/rmpi.v5i1.280

Influence of creative writing on the development of critical thinking

Influencia de la escritura creativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico

Ana De Jesús Mera-Lomas

anaj.mera@quito.gob.ec

Unidad Educativa Municipal Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2419-2399

ABSTRACT

The development of critical thinking is one of the fundamental competencies in contemporary

education systems. The aim of this review article is to analyse the influence of creative writing

on the development of critical thinking. Twenty-seven scientific articles were selected and

subjected to content analysis for the processing of the information presented in the results

section. The conclusion is that creative writing has a significant influence on the development of

critical thinking, combining metacognitive processes, constructivist and sociocultural

approaches, as well as the use of emerging technologies. Therefore, creative writing not only

encourages self-reflection and self-regulation, but also promotes higher cognitive skills such as

analysis, synthesis and evaluation, which is achieved through activities that integrate strategic

planning, collaboration and formative feedback as essential elements for meaningful learning.

Descriptors: creative writing; problem solving; critical thinking. (Source: UNESCO Thesaurus).

RESUMEN

El desarrollo del pensamiento crítico constituye una de las competencias fundamentales en los

sistemas educativos contemporáneos. El artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo analizar la

influencia de la escritura creativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Se seleccionaron 27

articulos científicos a los cuales se les sometió al análisis de contenido para el procesamiento

de la información presentada en la sección resultados. Se concluye que la escritura creativa

influye significativamente en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, al combinar procesos

metacognitivos, enfoques constructivistas y socioculturales, así como el uso de tecnologías

emergentes. Por lo tanto, la escritura creativa no solo fomenta la autorreflexión y la

autorregulación, sino que también promueve habilidades cognitivas superiores como el análisis,

la síntesis y la evaluación, lo cual se logra mediante actividades que integran la planificación

estratégica, la colaboración y la retroalimentación formativa como elementos esenciales para el

aprendizaje significativo.

Descriptores: escritura creativa; resolución de problemas; pensamiento crítico. (Fuente:

Tesauro UNESCO).

Received: 27/12/2024. Revised: 03/01/2025. Approved: 08/02/2025. Published: 27/02/2025.

articles section

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(1), 9-16, 2025

Influencia de la escritura creativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico

Influence of creative writing on the development of critical thinking

Ana De Jesús Mera-Lomas

INTRODUCTION

The development of critical thinking is one of the fundamental competencies in contemporary

education systems, in that it allows students to analyse, evaluate and synthesise information in

a reflexive, well-founded way that is oriented towards the resolution of complex problems. In this

context, creative writing is positioned as a pedagogical strategy that, from a constructivist and

sociocultural approach, promotes self-regulation of learning, metacognitive reflection and the

construction of meaningful knowledge. Various studies have shown that creative writing not only

encourages the expression of original ideas, but also challenges students to question their own

assumptions, consider alternative perspectives and construct solid arguments (Ahmad,

Sanober, & Cheema, 2024; Almelhi, 2021).

Creative writing, as an educational practice, aligns with the principles of active pedagogy, which

emphasises student-centred learning, social interaction and authentic problem solving; in this

sense, its implementation in the classroom fosters meaningful learning, in which students not

only acquire knowledge, but also develop transferable skills, such as creativity, self-regulation

and critical thinking (Espinola-Calderón et al., 2023; Gonzales-Soto et al., 2020).

Based on the above, the review article aims to analyse the influence of creative writing on the

development of critical thinking.

Theoretical framework

The following are the reference aspects of the variables under study:

Critical thinking

From a pedagogical perspective, critical thinking is defined as the ability to analyse, evaluate

and synthesise information in a reflective and reasoned manner, with the aim of making

informed decisions and solving complex problems. According to Sternberg et al., (2024), critical

thinking includes higher cognitive skills such as interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference

and self-regulation. These skills are essential in the educational environment, as they allow

students to approach problems from multiple perspectives, construct solid arguments and

actively participate in meaningful learning processes.

In the framework of competency-based education, critical thinking is developed through

activities that challenge students to reflect on their own thought processes, question their

assumptions and consider alternative perspectives. In this sense, creative writing is presented

as an effective pedagogical strategy, in that it requires students to generate original ideas,

reflect on the coherence and relevance of their arguments and critically evaluate the content, as

well as the structure of their texts (Nasution & Afrianti, 2022; Sastra, Rahim, & Sari, 2023).

Creative Writing

From a pedagogical perspective, creative writing is defined as a process of textual production

that combines artistic expression with critical reflection, allowing students to explore ideas,

emotions and experiences in an original and meaningful way; this process involves not only

creativity, but also the activation of metacognitive skills, such as planning, monitoring and

evaluating one's own learning (Piñeiro, 2023). According to Almelhi (2021), creative writing

encourages critical thinking by challenging students to explore complex ideas, question

assumptions and construct reasoned arguments.

From a constructivist approach, creative writing is conceived as an activity that promotes active

and meaningful learning, in which students construct their own knowledge through interaction

with their environment and the resolution of authentic problems. In this sense, Espinola-

Calderón et al. (2023) argue that creative writing, when implemented in a collaborative

environment, allows students to interact with their peers, share ideas and receive feedback,

which enriches their ability to critically analyse and evaluate information.

Relationship between creative writing and critical thinking

The relationship between creative writing and critical thinking is based on the capacity of both

practices to activate higher cognitive processes, such as analysis, evaluation and synthesis.

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(1), 9-16, 2025

Influencia de la escritura creativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico

Influence of creative writing on the development of critical thinking

Ana De Jesús Mera-Lomas

According to Ahmad et al., (2024), creative writing allows students to reflect on their own

thought processes, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and develop strategies to improve

their performance. This metacognitive approach is essential for the development of critical

thinking, as it encourages self-regulation of learning and the construction of autonomous

knowledge.

Likewise, creative writing encourages critical thinking by challenging students to consider

multiple perspectives and to construct solid and well-founded arguments; in this order,

Gonzales-Soto et al. (2020) point out that creative writing, when combined with action research

approaches, allows students to explore complex problems from different angles and develop

innovative and reflective solutions, which aligns with the principles of critical pedagogy, which

seeks to empower students to actively participate in the transformation of their social and

educational reality.

METHOD

The review article focused on a descriptive documentary typology, centred on the compilation,

analysis and interpretation of information from secondary sources, which allowed for the

description and analysis of the relationship between creative writing, critical thinking, creativity,

technology and innovative pedagogical approaches.

A search was carried out in recognised academic databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science,

PubMed, DOAJ and Google Scholar, prioritising articles published in indexed, high-impact

journals. Twenty-seven scientific articles were selected and subjected to content analysis for the

processing of the information presented in the results section.

RESULTS

In consideration of the articles scrutinised, the results of the documentary review are presented:

Creative writing as a metacognitive strategy

Creative writing, in its essence, not only involves the production of original texts, but also the

activation of metacognitive processes that allow students to plan, monitor and evaluate their

own learning. According to Teng & Yue (2023), metacognitive strategies applied to creative

writing enhance critical thinking by fostering self-regulation and conscious reflection on the

writing process; this allows students to identify their strengths and weaknesses, question their

own assumptions and construct well-founded arguments. From a pedagogical perspective,

creative writing is aligned with Zimmerman's self-regulated learning model, which emphasises

the importance of strategic planning, self-assessment and feedback in the development of

complex cognitive skills (Zulma-Lan, 2006). In this sense, creative writing is not only a means of

expression, but also a space for critical reflection and knowledge construction.

Constructivist and sociocultural approaches to creative writing

Constructivism, as a theoretical basis, holds that learning is an active process in which students

construct their own knowledge through interaction with their environment and the resolution of

meaningful problems. In this context, Wang et al., (2024) share that creative writing activities

guided by constructivist principles, such as peer assessment and collaborative activities,

promote the development of critical thinking by involving students in processes of analysis,

synthesis and evaluation of ideas.

From a sociocultural perspective, creative writing also benefits from social interaction and

mediated learning. According to Vygotsky, cognitive development occurs in a social context,

therefore cultural tools, such as language, play an essential role in this process. In this sense,

creative writing activities that encourage collaboration and the exchange of ideas, such as those

mentioned by Lorenz & Bush (2022), not only strengthen language skills, but also promote

critical thinking by exposing students to multiple perspectives and approaches.

Impact on the development of higher cognitive skills

Creative writing, by requiring the generation of original ideas and their coherent organisation,

activates higher cognitive skills such as analysis, evaluation and synthesis. According to Dilekçi

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(1), 9-16, 2025

Influencia de la escritura creativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico

Influence of creative writing on the development of critical thinking

Ana De Jesús Mera-Lomas

& Karatay (2023), curriculum design that integrates 21st-century skills such as creativity and

critical thinking allows students to approach complex problems in an innovative and reflective

way. This curricular approach is aligned with the competency-based learning model, which

seeks to develop skills that are transferable and applicable in diverse contexts. Likewise,

creative writing encourages critical thinking by challenging students to question their own

assumptions and consider multiple perspectives. Therefore, Meirbekov et al. (2022) point out

that the digital tools used in creative writing can facilitate this process by providing students with

access to a wide range of resources and perspectives, which enriches their ability to critically

analyse and evaluate information.

Challenges and pedagogical considerations

Despite the obvious benefits, the implementation of creative writing as a pedagogical strategy

presents certain challenges, according to Zhao (2024), the use of artificial intelligence tools in

creative writing can limit the development of critical thinking if students rely excessively on these

technologies to generate content, from a pedagogical perspective, it is essential to balance the

use of technologies with reflective practices that allow students to develop their own analytical

and creative skills. Likewise, creative writing requires a pedagogical approach that integrates

formative feedback and teacher support. According to Teng & Yue (2023), effective feedback is

essential for the development of critical thinking, as it allows students to identify areas for

improvement and reflect on their own learning process. In this sense, teachers play a crucial

role as mediators and facilitators of learning, providing guidance and support throughout the

writing process.

Psychological and cognitive benefits of creative writing

As well as its academic benefits, creative writing has a positive impact on students'

psychological well-being, which in turn influences the development of critical thinking. According

to Mundy et al. (2022), creative writing can act as a form of therapy that allows students to

express their emotions, reflect on their experiences and develop greater self-awareness, this

self-awareness is fundamental for critical thinking, as it allows students to reflect on their own

thought processes and consider alternative perspectives. On the other hand, creative writing

encourages creativity, which is a component of critical thinking, according to Sternberg et al.

(2024), creativity and critical thinking are closely related, in that both involve the ability to

generate original ideas, analyse information in a reflective way and construct solid and well-

founded arguments, this link reinforces the importance of integrating creative writing into

educational programmes as a strategy for the integral development of students.

Challenges in implementing creative writing

Despite its many benefits, implementing creative writing in the classroom presents certain

pedagogical challenges. According to Shidiq (2023), the use of artificial intelligence tools in

creative writing can limit the development of critical thinking if students rely too heavily on these

technologies to generate content. Therefore, it is essential that teachers design activities that

balance the use of technologies with reflective practices that allow students to develop their own

analytical and creative skills. Creative writing therefore requires a pedagogical approach that

integrates formative feedback and teacher support. According to Ramírez-Montoya et al. (2022),

effective feedback is essential for the development of critical thinking, as it allows students to

identify areas for improvement and reflect on their own learning process. In this sense, the role

of the teacher as a mediator and facilitator of learning is crucial to ensure that creative writing

becomes a transformative tool in the classroom.

Critical thinking and creativity

From a pedagogical perspective, critical thinking and creativity are superior cognitive skills

which, although different, complement each other in the learning process. According to Zulfikar

et al. (2022), the creative problem solving (CPS) model shows that creativity not only involves

the generation of original ideas, but also the ability to critically evaluate them in order to solve

complex problems, which can be integrated into creative writing activities, where students not

only produce original texts, but also reflect on the coherence, relevance and structure of their

ideas, thus strengthening their capacity for analysis and evaluation.

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(1), 9-16, 2025

Influencia de la escritura creativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico

Influence of creative writing on the development of critical thinking

Ana De Jesús Mera-Lomas

For their part, Vasli et al. (2023) argue that critical thinking cannot develop in isolation, as it is

influenced by emotional factors such as self-esteem; in this sense, creative writing, by

encouraging self-reflection and personal expression, becomes a pedagogical tool that not only

strengthens creativity, but also promotes critical thinking by providing a safe space for students

to explore their ideas and emotions, this link between cognitive and socio-emotional skills

reinforces the need for comprehensive pedagogical approaches that consider the student as a

multidimensional being.

Technology as a learning mediator

In the context of education 4.0, technology is presented as a mediator in the teaching-learning

processes, facilitating both creativity and critical thinking. According to Ramírez-Montoya et al.

(2022), digital tools and open innovation approaches allow students to interact with knowledge

in a dynamic way, promoting self-regulation, collaboration and the resolution of complex

problems. in the case of creative writing, emerging technologies, such as advanced word

processors and online collaboration platforms, can facilitate the generation of ideas, the

organisation of texts and peer feedback, thus enriching the learning process.

However, Marzuki et al. (2023) warn of the risks of over-reliance on artificial intelligence (AI)

tools in creative writing. Although these technologies can improve the accuracy and

organisation of texts, they can also limit students‘ ability to critically reflect on their own writing

processes. This challenge raises the need for a balanced pedagogical design, in which

technology is used as a means to enhance learning, but without replacing students’ cognitive

and creative skills. From a pedagogical perspective, this implies that teachers should mediate

the use of these tools, promoting reflective and self-regulated practices.

Project-based learning and problem solving

Innovative pedagogical approaches, such as project-based learning (PjBL) and the creative

problem solving (CPS) model, offer an effective framework for integrating creativity and critical

thinking in the classroom. According to Zulyusri et al. (2023), PjBL fosters these skills by

involving students in authentic projects that require the application of knowledge and skills in

real contexts. This approach can be adapted to creative writing through projects that challenge

students to create original texts based on problems or issues relevant to their environment, thus

promoting meaningful and contextualised learning.

Similarly, the CPS model described by Zulfikar et al. (2022), combines creativity and critical

thinking in a structured process that includes problem identification, idea generation and

solution evaluation. This model can be particularly useful in creative writing activities, where

students must address narrative or thematic problems in an innovative and reflective way, these

strategies not only promote the development of higher cognitive skills, but also foster autonomy

and self-regulation in learning.

Creative writing as a pedagogical tool

Creative writing, as a pedagogical strategy, is configured as an integral tool for the development

of cognitive, emotional and social competences, although some references, such as that of

Vicol et al. (2024), focus on the development of creative writing skills in primary school students,

their findings are relevant for all educational levels, this study comments that creative writing not

only fosters imagination and written expression, but also lays the foundations for the

development of higher cognitive skills, such as critical thinking, at later stages, this reinforces

the importance of introducing creative writing from an early age as a pedagogical practice that

promotes comprehensive learning.

On the other hand, Porras-Segovia et al. (2024), provide a different perspective when analysing

the therapeutic impact of creative writing on the management of depression and suicidal

ideation. Although this approach focuses on clinical contexts, their results suggest that creative

writing can be a powerful tool for fostering self-reflection and self-awareness, skills that are

fundamental for the development of critical thinking. this emotional and cognitive impact

reinforces the idea that creative writing has not only academic value, but also personal and

social value, making it a transformative pedagogical practice.

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(1), 9-16, 2025

Influencia de la escritura creativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico

Influence of creative writing on the development of critical thinking

Ana De Jesús Mera-Lomas

Pedagogical challenges and considerations

Despite the clear benefits, the implementation of innovative pedagogical approaches that

integrate creative writing, technology and the development of critical thinking presents certain

challenges, according to Marzuki et al. (2023), one of the main challenges is to ensure that

technological tools do not replace students' cognitive skills, but rather complement them. This

requires careful pedagogical design that combines the use of technologies with reflective and

collaborative strategies, thus promoting balanced and meaningful learning. Likewise, Ramírez-

Montoya et al. (2022) comment on the importance of teacher training in the use of emerging

technologies and innovative approaches. Teachers must play a mediating role, providing

guidance and feedback that fosters both creativity and critical thinking. This mediating role is

essential to ensure that pedagogical practices are effective and meaningful, and that students

develop transferable skills that enable them to face the challenges of the contemporary world.

CONCLUSION

It is concluded that creative writing significantly influences the development of critical thinking by

combining metacognitive processes, constructivist and sociocultural approaches, as well as the

use of emerging technologies. Therefore, creative writing not only encourages self-reflection

and self-regulation, but also promotes higher cognitive skills such as analysis, synthesis and

evaluation, which is achieved through activities that integrate strategic planning, collaboration

and formative feedback as essential elements for meaningful learning. From a constructivist

perspective, creative writing allows students to construct knowledge through social interaction

and problem solving, while from a sociocultural approach, critical thinking is reinforced by

exposing students to multiple perspectives and the use of language as a mediating tool.

FINANCING

Non-monetary

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

There is no conflict of interest with people or institutions linked to the research.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To Ecuadorian teachers for their important work in the growth of young people.

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Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(1), 9-16, 2025

Influencia de la escritura creativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico

Influence of creative writing on the development of critical thinking

Ana De Jesús Mera-Lomas

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Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(1), 9-16, 2025

Influencia de la escritura creativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico

Influence of creative writing on the development of critical thinking

Ana De Jesús Mera-Lomas

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