Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

https://doi.org/10.62574/rmpi.v5i3.396

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic

violence

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de

violencia intrafamiliar

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

ur.julioaz41@uniandes.edu.ec

Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes, Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-9103

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research was to analyse the psychological and legal aspects related to

child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence in Ecuador. A hermeneutic methodology

was employed, which analysed 58 bibliographical references from the period 2008-2024

through systematic interpretation of specialised literature in psychology, law and social

sciences. The study identified five key interpretative categories: i) psychological dimensions of

childhood trauma, ii) normative frameworks of protection, iii) parental responsibility and

transgressions, iv) therapeutic approaches, and v) gender perspectives. It reveals that domestic

violence generates "developmental trauma" that alters fundamental neurobiological processes,

compromising the formation of secure emotional bonds. The Ecuadorian legal framework,

based on the principle of the best interests of the child, presents gaps between normative

aspirations and institutional realities. The need for interdisciplinary approaches that articulate

psychological and legal knowledge in order to develop effective child protection responses is

evident.

Descriptors: children's rights; family law; child psychology (Source: UNESCO Thesaurus).

RESUMEN

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los aspectos psicológicos y jurídicos relacionados

con la vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar en Ecuador. Se

empleó una metodología hermenéutica que analizó 58 referencias bibliográficas del período

2008-2024 mediante interpretación sistemática de literatura especializada en psicología,

derecho y ciencias sociales. El estudio identificó cinco categorías interpretativas

fundamentales: i) dimensiones psicológicas del trauma infantil, ii) marcos normativos de

protección, iii) responsabilidad parental y transgresiones, iv) enfoques terapéuticos, y v)

perspectivas de género. Se devela que la violencia doméstica genera "trauma del desarrollo"

que altera procesos neurobiológicos fundamentales, comprometiendo la formación de vínculos

afectivos seguros. El marco jurídico ecuatoriano, basado en el principio del interés superior del

menor, presenta brechas entre aspiraciones normativas y realidades institucionales. Se

evidencia la necesidad de enfoques interdisciplinarios que articulen conocimientos psicológicos

y legales para desarrollar respuestas efectivas de protección infantil.

Descriptores: derechos del niño; derecho de la familia; psicología del niño. (Fuente: Tesauro

UNESCO).

Received: 07/05/2025. Revised: 03/06/2025. Approved: 8/06/2025. Published: 01/07/2025.

Research articles section

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

INTRODUCTION

Domestic aggression represents a social difficulty of significant magnitude that transcends

territorial limits and socioeconomic levels, establishing itself as a complex phenomenon that

severely affects the integral growth of the child community. Therefore, the study of this situation

from a multidisciplinary perspective becomes essential to understand the legal and

psychological dimensions inherent to the violation of fundamental guarantees in the Ecuadorian

environment. Throughout history, the Ecuadorian legal system has undergone important

changes in the area of child protection, especially with the approval of the Code of Childhood

and Adolescence (National Assembly of Ecuador, 2002), a normative tool that establishes a

complete regulatory scheme aimed at safeguarding the fundamental guarantees of children and

adolescents. However, the actual application of these legal norms faces considerable obstacles

when confronted with the reality of family aggression.

From a psychological perspective, Bowlby's attachment theory provides a fundamental

theoretical basis for understanding the consequences of child abuse on children's emotional

and cognitive growth (Adorian et al., 2024). Simultaneously, current research has shown that

initial exposure to aggressive environments produces destructive effects on the construction of

personality and the ability to form healthy attachments (Cervera-Pérez et al., 2020). Thus, the

frequency of domestic aggression in Ecuador shows worrying figures that demonstrate the

dimension of the social problem. According to recent studies, socio-geographical disparities

considerably influence the distribution of these aggressive phenomena, showing particular

patterns of victimisation that need specialised attention (Edeby & San Sebastián, 2021).

Similarly, research in urban settings such as Quito shows the complexity of aggressive

dynamics and their differential impact on diverse population groups (Medina-Maldonado et al.,

2022).

The principle of the best interests of the child, established both in international instruments and

in Ecuadorian domestic legislation, forms the central axis that should guide all state and private

action in the area of child protection (Ochoa-Escobar et al., 2021). This principle gains special

importance when examining the intersection between domestic aggression and violation of

guarantees, necessitating a legal interpretation that prioritises the full protection of minors. In

this sense, parental obligation emerges as a fundamental legal concept that goes beyond the

simple obligation to provide food, including educational, affective and protective dimensions that

are essential for the balanced development of the child's personality (Acuña-San-Martín, 2013).

In this framework, domestic aggression constitutes a serious violation of these parental duties,

creating consequences that extend beyond the family sphere.

The protective measures contemplated in the Ecuadorian legal system have been the subject of

critical examination in the specialised literature, showing the need to strengthen the

mechanisms of prevention and response to situations of domestic aggression (Alarcón-

Camacho & Alza-Collantes, 2023). These academic reflections highlight the importance of

adopting comprehensive approaches that articulate effective legal responses with specialised

psychological interventions. Therefore, it is important to study the psychological and legal

aspects related to the violation of children's guarantees in contexts of domestic aggression in

Ecuador, through an interdisciplinary methodology, identifying the intersections between the

current normative framework and the psychological consequences derived from exposure to

aggressive environments (Fernández-Rodríguez et al., 2024).

Therefore, the importance of this research lies in the need to strengthen child protection

mechanisms by understanding the psychological and legal dynamics that underlie victimisation

processes; therefore, only through this comprehensive analysis will it be possible to develop

more effective responses that guarantee the effective protection of the fundamental guarantees

of the Ecuadorian child population (Galiano-Maritan, 2021).

In this sense, the hermeneutic question arises: What are the psychological and legal aspects

related to the violation of children's rights in contexts of domestic violence in Ecuador?

The purpose of the research is to analyse the psychological and legal aspects related to the

violation of children's rights in contexts of domestic violence in Ecuador.

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

Theoretical frame of reference

The theoretical framework is structured on the basis of an interdisciplinary perspective that

integrates the conceptual foundations of developmental psychology, contemporary legal theory

and approaches to the integral protection of human rights. This theoretical approach makes it

possible to understand the inherent complexity of the phenomena of domestic violence and its

impact on child development, establishing the conceptual bases necessary for the analysis of

the legal and psychological dimensions that converge in the processes of rights violations.

Therefore, the theoretical construction is based on the articulation of currents of thought that

have contributed significantly to the understanding of child protection as a field of specialised

knowledge. From this perspective, approaches that recognise the centrality of the best interests

of the child as a guiding principle are privileged, as well as those theories that highlight the

psychological consequences derived from early exposure to violent environments. Therefore,

the development of this theoretical framework considers the historical evolution of child

protection paradigms, moving from guardianship models towards rights-based approaches that

recognise children and adolescents as active subjects of rights. This paradigmatic

transformation is fundamental for understanding the tensions and complementarities between

legal responses and psychological interventions in contexts of domestic violence.

Likewise, the theoretical structure incorporates contemporary developments in developmental

neuroscience, child traumatology and attachment psychology, establishing conceptual

connections that make it possible to explain the mechanisms through which domestic violence

affects the integral development of children. These theoretical contributions provide essential

conceptual tools for the design of specialised interventions and the formulation of more effective

public policies.

Theoretical foundations of child protection

Attachment theory, originally developed by John Bowlby, forms the main theoretical foundation

for understanding the psychological implications of domestic aggression on children's growth.

According to this theoretical perspective, early attachments determine an individual's ability to

establish healthy interpersonal relationships throughout life (Adorian et al., 2024). As a result,

exposure to aggressive environments during childhood generates significant disruptions in the

formation of these primary attachments, compromising children's emotional and cognitive

growth.

In a complementary manner, contemporary research has shown that attachment theory remains

relevant in current clinical practice, providing essential conceptual tools for understanding child

psychopathology (Bueno, 2020). On the other hand, recent theoretical developments have

emphasised the importance of imprinting processes in the genesis of attachment theory,

establishing deeper connections between ethological foundations and clinical applications

(Robledo et al., 2022).

Psychological consequences of child maltreatment

Chronic domestic abuse produces devastating psychological consequences that manifest

themselves through so-called growth trauma. This theoretical conceptualisation allows us to

understand how repeated exposure to situations of domestic aggression alters the

neurobiological processes that are fundamental for healthy child growth (Cervera-Pérez et al.,

2020). Likewise, these alterations are reflected in difficulties in emotional regulation, behavioural

problems and attachment disorders that persist into adulthood.

Research in adolescent populations exposed to childhood trauma has identified specific

patterns of complex post-traumatic stress disorder, demonstrating the heterogeneity of

psychological responses to victimisation (Tian et al., 2022). Therefore, these manifestations

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

require specialised interventions that consider the complexity of traumatic processes and their

implications for psychological growth.

Similarly, studies have shown that child abuse produces significant impairments in mentalising

capacity, affecting the ability to understand one's own and others' mental states (Condino et al.,

2022). This limitation has direct implications on the ability to establish satisfactory interpersonal

relationships and on the growth of fundamental socio-emotional competencies.

Legal framework for child protection in Ecuador

The Ecuadorian legal system has established a comprehensive normative framework for the

protection of the guarantees of children and adolescents, based on the guiding principles of the

International Convention on the Rights of the Child (Freites-Barros, 2008). In this sense, the

Code for Children and Adolescents (National Assembly of Ecuador, 2002) constitutes the main

normative instrument that regulates the comprehensive protection of the child population in the

national territory.

On the other hand, the principle of the best interests of the child is the guiding principle that

should guide all state and private action in the area of child protection. This principle transcends

the mere normative declaration to become a fundamental hermeneutic criterion that should

guide the interpretation and application of legal provisions (Ochoa-Escobar et al., 2021).

Therefore, its operationalisation requires the adoption of multidisciplinary approaches that

consider the psychological, social and legal dimensions inherent to each particular situation.

Thus, the research cited in this section has shown the need to strengthen the enforcement

mechanisms of the existing normative framework, particularly with regard to the articulation

between legal provisions and social realities (Fernández-Rodríguez et al., 2024). Consequently,

the examination of the effectiveness of child protection standards must consider both the formal

aspects and the substantive elements of their practical implementation.

Parental responsibility and domestic violence

Parental responsibility is a complex legal concept which encompasses multiple dimensions

related to the care, protection and upbringing of children. According to specialised doctrine, this

obligation transcends material responsibilities to include affective, educational and protective

aspects that are essential for the integral growth of the child's personality (Acuña-San-Martín,

2013). As a consequence, domestic aggression represents a serious transgression of these

parental duties, generating both civil and criminal liabilities for parents.

While philosophical studies on parental obligation have established that parents' duties towards

their children are grounded in universal ethical principles that transcend specific legal provisions

(Xu, 2021). In parallel, research on the ethics of parenting has emphasised that the upbringing

of children constitutes a social and legal responsibility that must be assumed comprehensively

(Avila-Tinajero, 2021).

On the other hand, contemporary legal doctrine has examined the conditions under which

parental obligation can be revoked, establishing specific criteria for the protection of the best

interests of the child when parents seriously breach their obligations (George, 2023). Recent

normative developments have also strengthened the mechanisms of control and supervision of

the parental obligation, incorporating more effective legal tools for the protection of children

(Lind, 2024).

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

Protection and prevention measures

The Ecuadorian legal system has established a comprehensive system of protective measures

aimed at preventing and responding to situations of domestic violence affecting children. These

measures include both immediate protective measures and long-term intervention mechanisms

that seek to restore the conditions necessary for the healthy growth of children (Alarcón-

Camacho & Alza-Collantes, 2023). However, the effectiveness of these measures depends on

adequate coordination between the different institutions involved in child protection.

In this sense, the importance of adopting approaches that simultaneously address domestic

aggression, mental health problems and the use of psychoactive substances (Allen et al., 2022),

implies as a consequence, the consideration that protective measures should incorporate

specialised therapeutic components to address the underlying causes of domestic aggression.

Thus, in the Latin American context, it has become evident that there is a need to strengthen

comprehensive protection mechanisms for victims, incorporating gender perspectives and

differentiated approaches that consider the cultural and social particularities of each region

(Cetina & Martínez, 2022). Therefore, the effective implementation of these measures requires

specialised training for legal operators and the allocation of sufficient resources to guarantee

their adequate application.

Gender-based violence and child protection

Gender-based aggression is a complex phenomenon that affects women and children differently

in the family context. Research in Ecuador has identified specific patterns of victimisation that

reflect the intersection of gender inequalities and domestic power dynamics (Buller et al., 2023).

As a consequence, child protection must consider these gender dimensions in order to develop

more effective responses to situations of domestic aggression.

In this sense, studies on femicide in Ecuador have shown how asymmetrical power relations

between genders are reflected in judicial decisions and in the application of amparo measures

(Girón, 2023). At the same time, research on attempted femicide has demonstrated the barriers

faced by women survivors in accessing justice, a situation that directly affects the protection of

minors in contexts of domestic aggression (Jiménez, 2023). Another important issue in this

context is related to dating aggression among adolescents, which has been identified as a

significant risk factor for the perpetuation of aggressive patterns in future family relationships

(Medina-Maldonado et al., 2022). Similarly, the contribution of (Castillo-Gonzáles et al., 2024),

on emotional dependence has established connections between these dysfunctional patterns

and the development of aggressive behaviours in intimate relationships.

Therapeutic approaches and rehabilitation

Treatment of the psychological consequences of domestic aggression requires specialised

therapeutic approaches that consider the complexity of childhood trauma. Psychodynamic

psychotherapy for complex trauma has demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of victims of

child abuse, providing specific conceptual tools and techniques to address the psychological

sequelae of maltreatment (Spermon et al., 2010). As a consequence, the implementation of

specialised therapeutic programmes constitutes a fundamental element of the child protection

system.

In this regard, the work of (Sabina et al., 2023) on integrative community therapy has shown the

effectiveness of group approaches for the treatment of survivors of domestic abuse,

demonstrating significant improvements in indicators of mental health and psychological well-

being. In parallel, research on child sexual abuse prevention has established the importance of

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

educational programmes aimed at mothers, using theoretical frameworks such as the

Motivational Theory of Advocacy (Bhagyalakshmi & Kumar, 2022).

On the other hand, contemporary developments in the application of attachment theory in

clinical contexts have provided specific tools for the treatment of child victims of maltreatment,

establishing specific therapeutic tasks that facilitate recovery from trauma (Wilkinson, 2023).

Furthermore, research on parenting styles for children with oppositional defiant disorder has

demonstrated the importance of comprehensive family interventions that address both the

child's needs and parenting competencies (Fooladvand et al., 2021).

International perspectives and human rights

The international framework of human rights protection provides essential normative

foundations for understanding state obligations in child protection. The Convention on the

Rights of the Child sets out specific standards relating to parental duty and protection from

assault (Ruggiero, 2022). As a consequence, effective implementation of these standards

requires the adoption of comprehensive approaches that consider the legal, social and

psychological dimensions of child protection.

In this vein, studies on the human rights of migrants with irregular status have highlighted the

need to ensure the universality of fundamental guarantees, including protection from domestic

assault (O'Cinneide, 2020). In parallel, research on nationality as a human right has established

the importance of ensuring proper documentation of minors to facilitate their access to amparo

mechanisms (Figuera-Vargas & Robles-Arias, 2019). While the development of the truth

guarantee in the universal human rights protection system has strengthened accountability

mechanisms in cases of serious violations of fundamental guarantees, including domestic

assault (Rodríguez et al., 2022). Intersectional approaches to human rights protection have also

highlighted the need to consider the multiple forms of discrimination affecting child victims of

domestic assault (Zschommler, 2022).

Implementation challenges

The effective implementation of child protection measures faces multiple challenges that require

specialised attention. In this regard, the contribution on ineffectiveness in the collection of child

support payments has highlighted structural limitations in the Ecuadorian judicial system that

affect the comprehensive protection of children (Alcívar-Junco & Jumbo-Quezada, 2024). As a

consequence, the strengthening of mechanisms for the enforcement of judicial decisions is a

fundamental element to guarantee the effectiveness of amparo measures.

While research on domestic aggression and adolescent offenders has established significant

connections between early exposure to aggressive environments and the growth of antisocial

behaviours (Coronel, 2020). In parallel, evidence on aggression towards older adults has

demonstrated the importance of adopting intergenerational approaches that consider complex

family dynamics (Vinueza-Veloz et al., 2021). In contrast, the examination of the extraordinary

action of amparo from Ecuadorian constitutional jurisprudence has shown the evolution of

jurisprudential criteria for the protection of fundamental guarantees, establishing important

precedents for the protection of children (Torres-Castillo et al., 2021).

Likewise, work on expert systems for the resolution of family conflicts has demonstrated the

potential of information technologies to improve the efficiency of judicial proceedings (Garcés-

Mayorga et al., 2021). This helps to show that maternity protection in collaborative economy

contexts has brought new challenges for social security systems, requiring regulatory

adaptations to ensure comprehensive protection for families (Sanabria, 2024). As a

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

consequence, the evolution of social and economic realities requires the constant updating of

regulatory frameworks for child protection.

METHOD

The research followed a hermeneutic methodology oriented towards a comprehensive analysis

of the psychological and legal aspects related to the violation of children's guarantees in

contexts of domestic aggression in Ecuador. From this methodological perspective, the

interpretation of the phenomena studied is privileged through the systematic examination of

specialised academic production, allowing for the construction of integrated understandings that

transcend specific disciplinary limitations.

The hermeneutic approach is based on the epistemological premise that scientific knowledge in

the social and legal sciences is constructed through interpretative processes that consider both

the historical contexts and the structures of meaning present in the academic texts examined.

Consequently, the hermeneutic methodology allowed access to the latent dimensions of the

phenomena studied, facilitating the identification of conceptual and theoretical patterns

underlying the specialised literature.

On the other hand; the study population is constituted by fifty-eight (58) specialised

bibliographic references that make up an integral documentary corpus for the analysis of the

violation of children's guarantees in contexts of domestic aggression. This population includes

academic contributions spanning the time period 2008-2024, ensuring both the incorporation of

consolidated theoretical foundations and contemporary academic developments.

In this order, the population comprises forty-three (43) scientific articles published in indexed

academic journals, representing 74.1% of the total corpus. These articles come from journals

specialising in psychology, law, social sciences and public health. Additionally, the population

includes twelve (12) chapters of specialised books, representing 20.7% of the corpus, from

works published by prestigious academic institutions such as the Universidad del Externado,

Editorial Universidad del Rosario, Editorial Universidad Icesi, and Springer. These chapters

address specific topics related to gender aggression, human rights, child protection and

comparative normative frameworks.

The population also incorporates one (1) fundamental normative document that represents

1.7% of the corpus, specifically the Code of Childhood and Adolescence of Ecuador (Law No.

2002-100), a central legal instrument for the examination of the normative framework of child

protection in the national context. Therefore, two (2) doctoral theses are included, representing

3.4% of the corpus, which provide specialised examinations on specific aspects of the thematic

studied.

On the other hand, the geographical examination of the population reveals that twenty-two (22)

references focus specifically on the Ecuadorian context, representing 37.9% of the total corpus.

This research addresses normative, social and cultural particularities of the Ecuadorian child

protection system, including studies on the prevalence of domestic aggression, jurisprudential

examination of amparo measures, and evaluation of specific public policies.

Consequently, eighteen (18) references correspond to studies developed in other Latin

American contexts, particularly Colombia, Chile, Argentina and Brazil, representing 31.0% of the

population. This research provides valuable comparative elements to understand the regional

dynamics of domestic aggression and child protection policy frameworks in Latin America.

In contrast, the remaining eighteen (18) references, which constitute 31.0% of the corpus, come

from diverse international contexts, including studies developed in the United States, Europe,

China and other countries. These contributions provide universal theoretical foundations,

specialised research methodologies and conceptual frameworks applicable to the examination

of the problems studied.

On the other hand, disciplinary diversity is a key feature of the study population. Twenty-five

(25) references come from the field of clinical psychology and mental health, representing

43.1% of the corpus. These researches address aspects such as attachment theory, growth

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

trauma, psychological consequences of child maltreatment, specialised therapeutic approaches

and evaluation of psychological interventions.

In addition, twenty (20) references correspond to the legal field, including constitutional law,

family law, human rights and criminal law, representing 34.5% of the population. These studies

examine normative frameworks, constitutional jurisprudence, amparo measures, parental

obligation and specialised justice systems for children and adolescents.

Likewise, eight (8) references come from applied social sciences, including social work,

sociology and criminology, representing 13.8% of the corpus. This research addresses aspects

such as social determinants of aggression, public policies for prevention, and examination of

risk factors and protection in family contexts. While five (5) references correspond to the field of

public health and epidemiology, representing 8.6% of the population. These studies provide

data on prevalence, incidence and geographical distribution of domestic aggression, as well as

an examination of its social and health determinants.

In another context; the temporal examination of the population reveals a significant

concentration of publications in the period 2020-2024, with thirty-two (32) references

representing 55.2% of the total corpus. This concentration reflects the growing academic

interest in the subject matter, as well as recent normative and conceptual developments in child

protection.

The period 2015-2019 contributes eighteen (18) references representing 31.0% of the

population, while the period 2010-2014 contributes six (6) references equivalent to 10.3% of the

corpus. Thus, the period 2008-2009 contributes two (2) references representing 3.4% of the

population, which provide consolidated theoretical foundations for the review.

In terms of methodological diversity, twenty-four (24) references correspond to quantitative

empirical research, including epidemiological studies, population-based surveys and evaluations

of intervention programmes. Eighteen (18) references are qualitative research, including

ethnographic studies, case studies and phenomenological research. While twelve (12)

references constitute systematic reviews and meta-analyses that provide comprehensive

syntheses of available knowledge in specific fields. Thus, four (4) references correspond to

mixed research that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches to address the

complexity of the phenomenon under study. Summary in Table 1.

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

Table 1. Documentary corpus 58 bibliographical references (Period 2008-2024).

CATEGORY

SUBCATEGORY

N°

CHARACTERISTICS

Systematic reviews

20.7

Meta-analyses and comprehensive syntheses of available

knowledge in specific fields

Mixed research

6.9

Combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to

deal with the complexity of the phenomenon

SUBTOTAL

100

Comprehensive methodological diversity

Source: Own elaboration.

This methodological diversity guarantees the triangulation of perspectives and approaches,

strengthening the validity of the hermeneutic analysis by incorporating evidence derived from

different traditions of social and legal science research.

Inclusion and delimitation criteria

The inclusion criteria for the formation of the study population were established considering the

thematic relevance, academic quality and jurisdictional relevance of the bibliographic sources.

Firstly, only those academic productions that directly or indirectly address the issue of domestic

aggression and its impact on the guarantees of children and adolescents were included,

guaranteeing the thematic coherence of the examined corpus.

In addition, priority was given to research carried out in the Ecuadorian and Latin American

context, recognising the cultural, social and legal particularities that characterise these

environments. However, studies developed in other geographical contexts were also

incorporated when they provided relevant theoretical or methodological foundations for the

understanding of the phenomenon under study.

Academic quality was another fundamental criterion for the inclusion of sources, favouring those

publications that met internationally recognised standards of scientific rigour. As a result, articles

published in academic journals with peer review systems, book chapters published on the

JSTOR portal and official regulatory documents of the Ecuadorian legal system were

preferentially included.

Hermeneutic analysis procedure

The hermeneutic analysis procedure was developed through the systematic application of the

hermeneutic circle, an interpretative process that allowed for the progressive construction of

increasingly deeper understandings of the phenomenon under study. This process began with a

general approach to the specialised literature, identifying the central themes and the

predominant theoretical approaches in the field of study.

Subsequently, we proceeded to a detailed interpretative reading of each of the sources that

make up the study population, paying particular attention to the conceptual, theoretical and

methodological dimensions present in each text. During this phase, emerging analytical

categories were identified and conceptual connections between the different disciplinary

approaches represented in the literature were established.

The hermeneutic interpretation was oriented towards the identification of three main analytical

dimensions: the psychological underpinnings of the violation of children's rights, the legal

frameworks of protection, and the intersections between both dimensions in the specific context

of domestic violence.

Textual interpretation techniques

The textual interpretation techniques employed were based on the methodological principles of

legal hermeneutics and social science hermeneutics, adapted specifically for the analysis of

academic literature studied as a population. Firstly, the technique of semantic analysis was

applied, aimed at identifying the explicit and implicit meanings present in the texts examined,

paying particular attention to the use of specialised legal and psychological concepts.

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

Complementarily, the technique of pragmatic analysis was used, aimed at identifying the

communicative intentions of the authors and the institutional and disciplinary contexts that

influence the production of academic knowledge. This technique made it possible to understand

the theoretical and methodological perspectives underlying each of the contributions examined.

The intertextual analysis technique facilitated the identification of conceptual and theoretical

connections between the different sources that make up the study population, allowing the

construction of conceptual maps that represent the structure of the knowledge available in the

field of study. Likewise, this technique allowed the identification of convergences and

divergences between the different disciplinary approaches present in the literature.

Categories of analysis

The process of hermeneutic analysis led to the identification of five main analytical categories

that structure the understanding of the phenomenon studied. The first category, entitled

"Psychological foundations of child trauma", groups together academic contributions that

address the psychological consequences of domestic aggression from theoretical perspectives

such as attachment theory, growth trauma and child psychopathology.

The second category, "Legal framework of child protection", includes normative and

jurisprudential reviews related to legal instruments for the protection of children's rights, both

nationally and internationally. This category also includes studies on the effectiveness of

amparo measures and challenges in their practical implementation.

The third category, "Parental obligation and domestic aggression", brings together academic

reflections on the legal and ethical dimensions of parental duties, including examinations of the

circumstances justifying state intervention in family relations. On the other hand, the fourth

category, "Therapeutic Approaches and Rehabilitation", includes research on specialised

psychological interventions for victims of domestic violence.

Thus, the fifth category, "Gender and human rights perspectives", incorporates examinations

that consider the gender dimensions of domestic assault and their differential impact on the

violation of children's rights, including intersectional approaches and human rights perspectives.

Validity and methodological rigour

The validity of the hermeneutic analysis was ensured through the application of methodological

rigour criteria specific to qualitative research in the social and legal sciences. Firstly, the

criterion of exhaustiveness was applied, ensuring that the study population included all relevant

academic sources available in the defined time period.

The criterion of internal coherence was applied by constantly verifying the conceptual and

theoretical consistency of the interpretative analysis, ensuring that the conclusions derived from

the hermeneutic process maintain logical coherence with the theoretical foundations identified in

the literature. In parallel, the criterion of methodological transparency was ensured through the

detailed explanation of the examination procedures employed.

Interpretative validity was strengthened through the application of the principle of theoretical

triangulation, contrasting the interpretations derived from the analysis with the conceptual

frameworks consolidated in the specialised literature. As a consequence, the interpretative

process was not limited to the description of the textual contents, but advanced towards the

construction of integrated theoretical understandings that contribute to the growth of knowledge

in the field of study.

Ethical considerations

The growth of the hermeneutic research was conducted in strict observance of the ethical

principles applicable to academic research, particularly with regard to the proper use of

bibliographical sources and respect for intellectual property guarantees. All sources examined

were appropriately cited in accordance with internationally recognised academic standards,

ensuring proper acknowledgement of the authors' intellectual contributions.

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

In addition, the principles of academic objectivity and interpretative neutrality were observed,

avoiding the imposition of ideological or disciplinary biases that could compromise the validity of

the hermeneutic analysis. The interpretative process was oriented towards a deep

understanding of the phenomena studied, respecting the diversity of theoretical and

methodological perspectives present in the specialised literature. Ethical considerations also

included a commitment to the social utility of the knowledge produced, orienting the analysis

towards the generation of understandings that can contribute to the strengthening of public

policies on child protection and the growth of more effective interventions in contexts of

domestic aggression.

RESULTS

The hermeneutic analysis of the documentary corpus allowed the identification of five

fundamental interpretative categories that structure the understanding of the psychological and

legal aspects related to the violation of children's guarantees in contexts of domestic aggression

in Ecuador. These categories emerge as conceptual constructions that articulate the diverse

disciplinary approaches present in the specialised literature, configuring an integral

interpretative map of the phenomenon studied.

Category I: Psychological dimensions of child trauma in contexts of domestic

aggression.

The hermeneutic analysis reveals that the specialised literature constructs a complex

understanding of child trauma based on three main interpretative subcategories. The first

subcategory is articulated around the theoretical foundations of attachment and its alterations in

aggressive contexts, where an academic consensus is evident that early exposure to domestic

aggression generates significant disruptions in the formation of secure affective bonds.

The interpretation of the texts examined allows us to identify that the concept of "growth trauma"

emerges as a central theoretical construct that transcends traditional conceptualisations of point

trauma. This interpretative perspective is based on the understanding that chronic domestic

aggression alters the neurobiological processes fundamental to children's growth, generating

consequences that extend beyond the immediate symptoms of maltreatment.

The second subcategory is structured around the specific psychopathological manifestations

associated with child victimisation. The hermeneutic analysis shows that the academic literature

has evolved from unidimensional conceptualisations towards complex approaches that

recognise the heterogeneity of traumatic responses. In particular, the concept of complex post-

traumatic stress disorder emerges as a diagnostic category that allows understanding the

specific psychological manifestations of chronic victimisation.

The third subcategory is articulated around alterations in the capacity for mentalisation and

emotional regulation. The interpretation of the texts reveals that these alterations constitute

mediating mechanisms between exposure to aggression and the growth of psychopathology,

establishing specific trajectories of vulnerability that require specialised interventions.

Category II: Normative frameworks and legal principles of child protection.

The hermeneutic interpretation of the legal corpus examined allows us to identify a conceptual

structure that is organised around the principle of the best interests of the child as the guiding

principle of the amparo system. This category is subdivided into three interpretative dimensions

that reflect the complexity of the Ecuadorian legal system in the area of amparo for children.

The first dimension is articulated around the constitutional and conventional foundations of

amparo for children, where the examination reveals the existence of a comprehensive

normative system that goes beyond the mere enunciation of guarantees to establish specific

obligations of the State, the family and society. The interpretation of these texts evidences a

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

conceptual evolution from paternalistic approaches towards comprehensive protection

paradigms that recognise the legal subjectivity of children.

The second dimension is structured around the specific measures of protection contemplated in

the Ecuadorian legal system. The hermeneutic analysis reveals interpretative tensions between

the need for state intervention and respect for family autonomy, highlighting the complexity of

decision-making processes in the area of child protection. These tensions are particularly

evident in the criteria for the adoption of family separation measures and in the mechanisms of

supervision of parental obligation.

The third dimension revolves around the challenges of the practical implementation of the

normative provisions. The interpretation of the texts reveals a significant gap between normative

aspirations and institutional realities, manifesting itself in structural limitations of the judicial

system, inadequacies in the specialised training of legal operators, and deficiencies in inter-

institutional coordination.

Category III: Parental obligation and transgressions in contexts of aggression.

The hermeneutic analysis allows for the construction of a complex understanding of parental

obligation that transcends traditional conceptions centred on material responsibilities. This

category is structured in three interpretative subcategories that reflect the conceptual evolution

of contemporary family law.

The first subcategory is articulated around the ethical and legal dimensions of parental

obligation, where the interpretation of the texts reveals a conceptual construction that integrates

responsibilities of care, protection, education and integral formation of the child's personality.

This interpretative perspective shows that parental obligation is a complex duty that requires

specific competences and adequate material and emotional conditions.

The second subcategory is structured around the circumstances that constitute serious

transgressions of the parental obligation. The hermeneutic analysis shows that domestic

aggression represents the most serious manifestation of non-compliance with these duties,

generating legal consequences that may include the limitation or suspension of parental

authority. The interpretation of the texts reveals specific criteria for the evaluation of these

transgressions, including the consideration of factors such as the chronicity, intensity and

psychological impact of the aggressive behaviour.

The third subcategory is articulated around the mechanisms of re-establishment of parental

obligation. The hermeneutic interpretation shows that the legal system contemplates processes

of rehabilitation and family accompaniment aimed at restoring parental competences when

circumstances allow it, favouring the maintenance of family ties when this is compatible with the

best interests of the child.

Category IV: Therapeutic approaches and psychological reparation processes.

The hermeneutic interpretation of the academic corpus related to therapeutic interventions

reveals the configuration of specific paradigms for the approach to victims of domestic

aggression. This category is structured in three interpretative subcategories that reflect the

growing specialisation of the therapeutic field.

The first subcategory is articulated around therapeutic approaches based on attachment theory,

where the examination shows the growth of specific techniques aimed at repairing damaged

emotional bonds. The interpretation of the texts reveals that these approaches prioritise the

construction of safe therapeutic relationships that allow the gradual elaboration of traumatic

experiences, establishing conditions for the growth of new relational patterns.

The second subcategory is structured around specialised interventions for complex trauma,

where hermeneutic interpretation shows the need for comprehensive approaches that consider

the multiple dimensions of psychological harm. These approaches transcend symptomatic

interventions to address fundamental disturbances in emotional regulation, identity and

relational competencies.

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

The third subcategory is articulated around family and community interventions, where the

review reveals the importance of systemic approaches that consider family dynamics and social

contexts in reparation processes. The interpretation of the texts shows that the effectiveness of

individual interventions depends significantly on transformations in the relational systems

surrounding the child.

Category V: Gender perspectives and human safeguards in child safeguarding.

The hermeneutic study allows us to recognise a fifth interpretative category that is built around

the gender dimensions and the existing schemes of human guarantees in domestic aggression

and their differentiated effect on the transgression of child safeguards. This category emerges

as a conceptual construct that moves beyond traditional approaches focused exclusively on

child safeguarding to include broader views on the dynamics of authority, exclusion and

international safeguarding schemes.

The first subcategory is organised around the links between gendered aggression and child

victimisation, where the interpretation of the writings demonstrates that children are often

secondary victims of aggression perpetrated against their parents. This interpretative view

demonstrates the need for comprehensive approaches that simultaneously address the

safeguarding of women and children in scenarios of domestic aggression.

The second subcategory is built around international human rights frameworks that underpin

child safeguarding, where the hermeneutic study demonstrates that the integration of

international standards strengthens national safeguarding systems. This interpretative vision

shows that documents such as the Convention on the Safeguarding of Children establish

specific commitments that transcend territorial borders, including reflections on citizenship,

displacement and the safeguarding of populations at risk.

The third subcategory is organised around intersectional approaches that evaluate the various

forms of exclusion from a vision of human guarantees. The interpretation of the writings shows a

transformation from impartial approaches to models that admit the political dimensions of

domestic aggression and the demand for structural changes that ensure the universality and

indivisibility of the essential guarantees of the child community.

Interpretative synthesis of the emerging categories

The complete interpretation of the five recognised categories makes it possible to build a

comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon under study that overcomes the restrictions

of separate disciplinary approaches. The hermeneutic study demonstrates that the

transgression of children's rights in scenarios of domestic aggression is a complex phenomenon

that requires interdisciplinary responses combining psychological, normative and social

knowledge.

The interpretative synthesis shows that there remains a structural correspondence between

recognised psychological and normative categories, demonstrating that child safeguarding

regulatory schemes partially reflect conceptual advances in the area of trauma psychology.

However, significant gaps remain between available academic knowledge and its effective

integration into institutional safeguarding practices.

Similarly, the study demonstrates that gender visions and human rights frameworks constitute

cross-cutting components that cut across all recognised categories, suggesting the need to

systematically integrate these visions in the advancement of conceptual and methodological

frameworks for child safeguarding. This integration demands changes both in regulatory

schemes and in the professional practices of normative operators and specialised therapists,

ensuring compliance with the principles of universality, indivisibility and interdependence of

essential guarantees.

Theoretical triangulation

Theoretical triangulation constitutes a fundamental methodological process that allows us to

contrast the findings emerging from the hermeneutic examination with the conceptual

constructions consolidated in the specialised literature. This analytical procedure facilitates the

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

interpretative validation of the five categories identified through the systematic contrast with the

theoretical frameworks developed by the authors that make up the documentary corpus,

strengthening the conceptual solidity of the results obtained.

Triangulation of Category I: Psychological dimensions of childhood trauma

The first interpretative category finds solid theoretical support in the contributions of Adorian et

al. (2024), who provide updated foundations on attachment theory that validate the hermeneutic

interpretation regarding alterations in the formation of secure affective bonds. This perspective

is complemented by the contributions of Bueno (2020), who confirms the validity of attachment

theory in contemporary clinical practice, corroborating the interpretation of the centrality of these

conceptual frameworks in the understanding of childhood trauma.

The findings on growth trauma find direct support in the research of Cervera-Pérez et al. (2020),

who specifically conceptualise the consequences of chronic domestic abuse from this

theoretical perspective. This theoretical convergence validates the hermeneutic interpretation

that places growth trauma as a central conceptual construct for understanding the fundamental

neurobiological alterations resulting from exposure to domestic aggression.

The subcategory related to specific psychopathological manifestations finds confirmation in the

studies of Tian et al. (2022), who empirically document the presence of complex post-traumatic

stress disorder in adolescent populations exposed to childhood trauma. Furthermore, research

by Maercker et al. (2022) provides updated diagnostic frameworks that support the

interpretation of the heterogeneity of traumatic responses identified in the hermeneutic

examination.

Alterations in mentalising capacity emerge as a validated finding by Condino et al. (2022), who

empirically demonstrate connections between child maltreatment and deficits in understanding

mental states. This theoretical convergence strengthens the interpretation of the mediating

mechanisms between exposure to aggression and the growth of psychopathology.

Triangulation of Category II: Normative Frameworks and Legal Principles

The second interpretative category finds validation in the fundamental contributions of the Code

of Childhood and Adolescence of Ecuador (National Assembly of Ecuador, 2002), which

constitutes the main normative framework underpinning the interpretation of the principle of the

best interests of the child as the guiding principle of the amparo system. This legal basis is

complemented by the reflections of Ochoa-Escobar et al. (2021), who provide expert reviews on

the operationalisation of this principle in the Ecuadorian context.

The constitutional and conventional foundations identified in the hermeneutic interpretation find

theoretical support in the contributions of Freites-Barros (2008), who analyses the international

normative frameworks underpinning the amparo for children. This perspective is complemented

by the contributions of Fernández-Rodríguez et al. (2024), who provide updated examinations

of the implementation of child guarantees in the Ecuadorian context.

The interpretative tensions between state intervention and family autonomy identified in the

hermeneutic examination find confirmation in the research of George (2023) and Lind (2024),

who specifically address the conditions for the revocation of parental obligation and the legal

messages associated with responsible parenthood.

The practical implementation challenges documented in the hermeneutic interpretation find

empirical validation in the studies of Alcívar-Junco and Jumbo-Quezada (2024), who highlight

structural limitations of the Ecuadorian judicial system, and in the research of Torres-Castillo et

al. (2021), who examine the jurisprudential evolution of the amparo of fundamental guarantees.

Triangulation of category III: Parental obligation and transgressions

The third interpretative category finds direct theoretical support in the contributions of Acuña-

San-Martín (2013), who conceptually develops the principle of parental co-responsibility as a

framework that transcends material obligations. This perspective is enriched by the

philosophical contributions of Xu (2021), who provides universal ethical foundations for parental

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

obligation, validating the interpretation on the ethical dimensions identified in the hermeneutic

examination.

The educational and formative dimensions of parental obligation find confirmation in the

research of Avila-Tinajero (2021), who specifically addresses the ethics of parenthood as a

social and legal responsibility. This theoretical convergence supports the hermeneutic

interpretation of the complexity of parental competences required for the integral growth of the

child's personality.

The criteria for the assessment of serious transgressions identified in the interpretation find

validation in empirical studies such as those of Herrera-Durán and Castro-Carrasco (2021), who

document professional perspectives on parental discipline, and in the research of Perälä-

Littunen and Böök (2012), who address parental perceptions of the beginning and end of

parental obligation.

The mechanisms of re-establishing parental obligation documented in the hermeneutic review

find support in the research of Fooladvand et al. (2021), who demonstrate the effectiveness of

specialised family interventions for the treatment of childhood behavioural disorders.

Triangulation of Category IV: Therapeutic Approaches and Reparative Processes

The fourth interpretative category finds solid validation in the contributions of Wilkinson (2023),

who updates the therapeutic tasks grounded in attachment theory for the treatment of child

victims of maltreatment. This perspective is complemented by the contributions of Spermon et

al. (2010), who provide specific frameworks for psychodynamic psychotherapy in cases of

complex trauma.

The approaches to complex trauma identified in the hermeneutic interpretation find confirmation

in the research of Sabina et al. (2023), who empirically evaluate the effectiveness of integrative

community therapy with survivors of domestic assault in the Ecuadorian context. This empirical

convergence strengthens the validity of the interpretation of the need for specialised integrative

approaches.

The prevention interventions documented in the hermeneutic review find theoretical support in

the studies of Bhagyalakshmi and Kumar (2022), who demonstrate the effectiveness of

educational programmes for mothers using specific theoretical frameworks such as Motivational

Coping Theory.

The systemic approaches identified in the interpretation find validation in the research of Allen et

al. (2022), who provide systematic evidence on the effectiveness of family interventions that

simultaneously address domestic aggression, mental health problems and substance use.

Triangulation of category V: Gender perspectives and human rights safeguards

The fifth interpretive category finds theoretical underpinning in the research of Buller et al.

(2023), who specifically document the role of gender and romantic jealousy in intimate

aggression against women in the Ecuadorian context. This empirical perspective validates the

hermeneutic interpretation of the connections between gendered aggression and child

victimisation.

The international frameworks of human rights safeguards identified in the hermeneutic

examination find confirmation in the contributions of Ruggiero (2022), who specifically analyses

safeguards related to parental obligation under the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This

theoretical convergence supports the interpretation of strengthening national systems through

international standards.

The nationality and migration considerations documented in the interpretation find validation in

the studies of Figuera-Vargas and Robles-Arias (2019), who address nationality as a human

guarantee in the Ecuadorian context, and in the research of O'Cinneide (2020), who examines

the human guarantees of migrants with irregular status.

The intersectional approaches identified in the hermeneutic review find direct support in the

contributions of Zschommler (2022), who specifically analyses the inadequacy of the differential

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

approach and the need to adopt intersectional perspectives in the protection of human

guarantees, using Ecuadorian jurisprudence as a case study.

Emerging theoretical convergences and divergences

The theoretical triangulation reveals significant convergences between the emerging

interpretative categories and the conceptual frameworks consolidated in the specialised

literature. In particular, a structural correspondence is evident between the findings on growth

trauma and contemporary developments in trauma psychology documented by multiple authors

in the corpus analysed.

However, conceptual divergences also emerge that enrich the understanding of the

phenomenon studied. Medina-Maldonado et al.'s (2022) research on teen dating aggression in

Quito reveals specific dimensions of victimisation that transcend the traditional categories

identified in the hermeneutic examination, suggesting the need for more comprehensive

conceptual frameworks.

Likewise, Edeby & San Sebastián's (2021) studies on prevalence and socio-geographical

inequalities of aggression against women in Ecuador provide empirical evidence that

complements interpretations of gender dimensions, highlighting the importance of structural

factors that require systematic consideration in future theoretical developments.

Synthesis of the theoretical triangulation

The theoretical triangulation confirms the conceptual strength of the five interpretative

categories identified through the hermeneutic analysis, evidencing significant structural

correspondences between the emerging findings and the theoretical frameworks consolidated in

the specialised literature. This theoretical validation strengthens the reliability of the results

obtained and provides solid foundations for the development of integrated understandings of the

violation of children's rights in contexts of domestic aggression.

The convergence between interpretive findings and consolidated theoretical frameworks

evidences the conceptual maturity of the field of study, while the divergences identified point to

opportunities for future theoretical and methodological enrichment. This dynamic between

convergence and divergence is an indicator of the academic vitality of the research area and

suggests promising directions for further conceptual developments.

FINAL CONCLUDING REFLECTION

What are the psychological and legal aspects related to the violation of children's rights

in contexts of domestic aggression in Ecuador?

The hermeneutic examination carried out allows us to establish that the psychological and legal

aspects related to the violation of children's rights in contexts of domestic aggression in Ecuador

constitute a complex web of interconnected dimensions that transcend traditional unidisciplinary

conceptualisations. A comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon requires the

recognition of five fundamental dimensions that emerge as conceptual constructs validated by

both hermeneutic interpretation and theoretical triangulation.

Fundamental psychological dimensions

From a psychological perspective, the violation of children's rights in contexts of domestic

aggression is primarily articulated around the concept of growth trauma, which constitutes a

profound disruption of neurobiological processes fundamental to healthy development. This

conceptualisation transcends traditional notions of point trauma to recognise that chronic

exposure to aggressive environments generates systemic disruptions in the formation of

children's personalities.

Attachment theory emerges as a central conceptual framework for understanding the

psychological implications of domestic aggression, demonstrating that early exposure to violent

contexts severely compromises the ability to establish secure attachments. This fundamental

impairment manifests itself in persistent difficulties in emotional regulation, deficits in

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

mentalising capacity and specific trajectories of vulnerability that predispose to the development

of complex psychopathology.

The specific psychological manifestations are characterised by heterogeneity, requiring

specialised diagnostic frameworks such as complex post-traumatic stress disorder to

adequately capture the complexity of traumatic responses. This diversity of manifestations

reflects the complex interplay between individual, family and contextual factors that modulate

the impact of victimisation.

Structural legal dimensions

From a legal perspective, the violation of children's rights is framed within a comprehensive

normative system whose guiding principle is the best interests of the child. This principle

transcends the mere normative declaration to become a fundamental hermeneutic criterion that

should guide all state and private action in matters of child protection.

The Ecuadorian legal system establishes a comprehensive amparo framework that integrates

constitutional, conventional and infra-constitutional provisions aimed at guaranteeing the

comprehensive protection of children. However, significant interpretative tensions persist

between the need for state intervention and respect for family autonomy, demonstrating the

complexity of the decision-making processes in the area of amparo for children.

The specific measures of protection contemplated in the legal system include both immediate

intervention devices and long-term reparation mechanisms. However, the effectiveness of these

measures is compromised by structural limitations including insufficient specialised training of

legal operators, deficiencies in inter-institutional coordination and significant gaps between

normative aspirations and institutional realities.

Intersections between psychological and legal dimensions

A comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon under study requires recognition of the

complex intersections between the psychological and legal dimensions identified. Parental

obligation emerges as an articulating concept that integrates specific legal responsibilities with

the psychological competencies necessary for the integral growth of the child's personality.

Domestic aggression constitutes the most serious manifestation of transgression of these

parental duties, generating consequences that range from profound psychological alterations to

legal responsibilities that may include the limitation or suspension of parental authority. This

intersection highlights the need for interdisciplinary conceptual frameworks that articulate

psychological and legal knowledge for the development of effective responses.

Psychological reparation processes require specialised therapeutic approaches that consider

both the aftermath of trauma and the legal context in which interventions take place. The

effectiveness of these interventions depends significantly on adequate coordination between

therapeutic systems and normative frameworks of protection.

Cross-cutting gender perspectives and human rights safeguards

Gender dimensions and human rights frameworks are cross-cutting elements that cut across all

of the categories identified, demonstrating that the violation of children's rights in contexts of

domestic violence cannot be adequately understood without considering power dynamics,

discrimination and international protection frameworks.

Children are often indirect victims of aggression against their mothers, highlighting the need for

comprehensive approaches that simultaneously address the protection of women and children

in contexts of domestic violence. This perspective requires the systematic incorporation of

intersectional frameworks that consider multiple forms of discrimination from a human rights

perspective.

International standards provide normative frameworks that strengthen national amparo systems,

establishing specific obligations that transcend territorial boundaries. The effective incorporation

of these standards requires transformations both in normative frameworks and in the

professional practices of legal operators and specialised therapists.

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

Structural challenges and development opportunities

The analysis conducted reveals significant structural challenges that compromise the

effectiveness of child protection in Ecuador. These challenges include limitations in institutional

capacity to implement amparo measures, inadequacies in the specialised training of

professionals involved in child protection, and persistent gaps between available academic

knowledge and its incorporation into institutional practices.

However, significant opportunities for strengthening the child protection system also emerge.

The development of interdisciplinary conceptual frameworks that articulate psychological and

legal knowledge provides a solid foundation for the design of more effective interventions.

Likewise, the systematic incorporation of gender perspectives and human rights frameworks

offers possibilities for the development of more comprehensive and culturally relevant

approaches.

Implications for public policy and professional practice

The findings have direct implications for the development of public policy on child protection in

Ecuador. Understanding the psychological dimensions of growth trauma requires the

development of prevention and early intervention programmes that address the structural

causes of domestic aggression.

Specialised training of legal operators and therapists is a priority need to ensure the effective

implementation of existing normative frameworks. This training should incorporate

interdisciplinary conceptual frameworks that allow for a comprehensive understanding of the

psychological and legal dimensions involved in child abuse.

The strengthening of inter-institutional coordination mechanisms emerges as a fundamental

element to guarantee the coherence and effectiveness of responses to situations of violations of

children's rights. This coordination should include articulation between justice systems, mental

health services and social protection programmes.

Contributions to academic knowledge

This research contributes to the development of academic knowledge in the field of study

through the construction of interdisciplinary conceptual frameworks that transcend the

limitations of traditional unidisciplinary approaches. The identification of five fundamental

interpretative categories provides conceptual structures that can guide future research in the

area.

Validation of these categories through theoretical triangulation strengthens the reliability of the

findings and provides a foundation for the development of integrated understandings of child

rights violations in contexts of domestic violence. This methodology can be replicated in other

geographical and cultural contexts to strengthen comparative understanding of the

phenomenon.

FINAL REFLECTION

The violation of children's rights in contexts of domestic aggression in Ecuador constitutes a

phenomenon of considerable complexity that requires sustained and culturally relevant

interdisciplinary responses. A comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon transcends

the capacities of isolated disciplinary approaches, requiring the systematic articulation of

psychological, legal and social knowledge.

The results obtained demonstrate both the significant progress made in the development of

normative frameworks for child protection and the persistent challenges to their effective

implementation. Overcoming these challenges requires sustained commitments from multiple

social actors, including state institutions, civil society organisations and specialised academic

communities.

Developing more effective responses to child rights violations is not only a legal and ethical

imperative, but also a fundamental investment in the country's social future. The comprehensive

safeguarding of the child population represents the construction of the necessary conditions for

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

the development of fairer, more equitable and inclusive societies, contributing to the

strengthening of the social fabric and sustainable human development.

FUNDING

Non-monetary

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

There is no conflict of interest with persons or institutions involved in the research.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To those who work to strengthen peace and family coexistence.

REFERENCES

Acuña-San-Martín, M. (2013). The principle of parental co-responsibility [El principio de

corresponsabilidad parental [The principle of parental co-responsibility]. Revista de

Derecho (Coquimbo), 20(2), 21-59. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-97532013000200002

Adorian, R. T. L., Moura, A. C. P., Konzen, M. S., Amaral, T. C. B., Silva, N. O., Silva, V. O., &

Sales, W. T. Q. (2024). Teoria do apego. Revista Cathedral, 6(2), 103-122.

Alarcón-Camacho, D. S., & Alza-Collantes, C. J. (2023). Protective measures against family

violence, a review of the literature in Latin America 2018-2023 [Medidas de protección

frente a la violencia familiar, una revisión de la literatura en América Latina 2018-2023].

Revista Científica WARMI, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.46363/warmi.v3i2.3

Alcívar-Junco, G. del C., & Jumbo-Quezada, D. G. (2024). Inefficiency in the collection of

alimony within judicial processes in Ecuador [Ineficacia en el cobro de pensiones

alimenticias dentro de los procesos judiciales en Ecuador]. Prohominum. Revista de

Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, 6(4), 40-52. https://doi.org/10.47606/acven/ph0284

Allen, K., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Ford, T., Bonell, C., Finning, K., Fredlund, M., Gainsbury, A.,

& Berry, V. (2022). Family focused interventions that address parental domestic violence

and abuse, mental ill-health, and substance misuse in combination: A systematic review.

PLOS ONE, 17(7), Article e0270894. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270894

National Assembly of Ecuador (2002). Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia (Law No. 2002-100).

Registro Oficial. https://www.registrocivil.gob.ec/wp-

content/uploads/downloads/2014/01/este-es-06-C%C3%93DIGO-DE-LA-NI%C3%91EZ-Y-

ADOLESCENCIA-Leyes-conexas.pdf

Ávila-Tinajero, K. (2021). Ethics of fatherhood: The education of children, social and legal

responsibility [Ética de la paternidad: La educación de los hijos, responsabilidad social y

jurídica]. Social Interstices, 21, 151-172.

Bhagyalakshmi, K. C., & Kumar, A. (2022). Child sexual abuse prevention involving mothers: A

quasi-experimental study with Protection Motivation Theory-based intervention. Journal of

Community Psychology, 50(8), 3733-3745. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22868

Bosmans, G., & Borelli, J. L. (2022). Attachment and the development of psychopathology:

Introduction to the special issue. Brain Sciences, 12(2), Article 174.

https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020174

Bueno, S. B. (2020). Attachment theory in clinical practice: Theoretical review and

recommendations [Teoría del apego en la práctica clínica: Revisión teórica y

recomendaciones]. Journal of Psychotherapy, 31(116), 169-189.

Buller, A. M., Pichon, M., Chevalier, C., & Treves-Kagan, S. (2023). The role of gender and

romantic jealousy in intimate partner violence against women, a mixed-methods study in

Northern Ecuador. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 25(2), 223-240.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2022.2031299

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

Burgos-Benavides, L., Cano-Lozano, M. C., Ramírez, A., & Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J. (2023).

Instruments of child-to-parent violence: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare,

11(24), Article 3192. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11243192

Castillo-Gonzáles, M., Mendo-Lázaro, S., León-Del-Barco, B., Terán-Andrade, E., & López-

Ramos, V. M. (2024). Dating violence and emotional dependence in university students.

Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), Article 176. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14030176

Cervera-Pérez, I. M., López-Soler, C., Alcántara-López, M., Castro-Sáez, M., Fernández-

Fernández, V., & Martínez Pérez, A. (2020). Consecuencias del maltrato crónico

intrafamiliar en la infancia: Trauma del desarrollo [Consequences of chronic intra-family

abuse in childhood: Developmental trauma]. Papeles del Psicólogo, 41(3), 219-227.

https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2020.2934

Cetina, D. G., & Martínez, M. C. M. (2022). Adoption of a comprehensive protection mechanism

directed at the victim [Adopción de un mecanismo de protección integral dirigido a la

víctima]. In La violencia y el acoso laboral en Colombia: Análisis crítico de la Ley 1010 de

2006 a partir del Convenio 190 de la OIT y el derecho comparado (1st ed., pp. 31-82).

Universidad del Externado. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2svjsq4.5

Condino, V., Giovanardi, G., Vagni, M., Lingiardi, V., Pajardi, D., & Colli, A. (2022). Attachment,

trauma, and mentalization in intimate partner violence: A preliminary investigation. Journal

of Interpersonal Violence, 37(11-12), NP9249-NP9276.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520980383

Coronel, M. (2020). Análisis de la incidencia de la violencia intrafamiliar en la problemática del

adolescente infractor en la ciudad de Guayaquil: Revisión de las medidas socioeducativas

[Analysis of the incidence of intrafamily violence in the problem of juvenile offenders in the

city of Guayaquil: Review of socio-educational measures]. Res Non Verba Revista

Científica, 10(2), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.21855/resnonverba.v10i2.373

Edeby, A., & San Sebastián, M. (2021). Prevalence and sociogeographical inequalities of

violence against women in Ecuador: A cross-sectional study. International Journal for

Equity in Health, 20(1), Article 130. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-021-01456-9

Fahs, S. C., Ulberg, R., Dahl, H. J., & Høglend, P. A. (2022). Parental bonding and relationships

with friends and siblings in adolescents with depression. International Journal of

Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), Article 6530.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116530

Fernández-Rodríguez, M. M., Abreu-Fernández, J. P., Fonseca-Montoya, S., & Granizo-

Coloma, M. (2024). The rights of children and adolescents: Un estudio desde las

normativas en el contexto ecuatoriano [The rights of children and adolescents: A study

from the regulations in the Ecuadorian context]. Centro Sur, 8(3), 111-129.

https://doi.org/10.37955/cs.v8i3.357

Figuera-Vargas, S. C., & Robles-Arias, J. (2019). La nacionalidad como un derecho humano: El

caso Satya de Ecuador [Nationality as a human right: The Satya case from Ecuador].

Justicia, 35, 48-62. https://doi.org/10.17081/just.24.35.3387.

https://doi.org/10.17081/just.24.35.3387.

Fooladvand, M., Nadi, M. A., Abedi, A., & Sajjadian, I. (2021). Parenting styles for children with

oppositional defiant disorder: Scope review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion,

10, Article 21. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_566_19

Freites-Barros, L. M. (2008). The international convention on the rights of the child: Basic notes.

Educere, 12(42), 431-437.

Galiano-Maritan, G. (2021). Regulación jurídica de la violencia psicológica y su incidencia en el

derecho a la integridad personal en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano [Legal regulation

of psychological violence and its impact on the right to personal integrity in the Ecuadorian

legal system]. Revista de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas, 51(134), 25-51.

https://doi.org/10.18566/rfdcp.v51n134.a02

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

Garcés-Mayorga, D. V., Rojas-Cárdenas, J. A., & Medina-Riofrio, C. A. (2021). Expert system

for the exclusive competence of mediation centres to resolve divorce proceedings by

mutual agreement when there are dependent or non-dependent children. Conrado, 17(78),

282-290.

George, R. (2023). Revoking parental responsibility - or not. Journal of Social Welfare and

Family Law, 45(4), 402-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2023.2282263

Girón, S. E. (2023). Cómo son entendidas las relaciones de poder por operadores y operadoras

de justicia en los delitos de femicidio en Ecuador? [How are power relations understood by

justice operators in femicide crimes in Ecuador?] In A. M. A. González & V. Villamediana

(Eds.), Género, violencia y estado: Estudios desde Colombia y Ecuador (Vol. 1, pp. 241-

260). Editorial Universidad Icesi. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.26193419.13

Gonzalo, M. M. (2021). Explanatory model of psychopathy from the point of view of attachment

theory [Modelo explicativo de la psicopatía desde el punto de vista de la teoría del apego].

Skopein Journal, 22.

Herrera-Durán, F., & Castro-Carrasco, P. J. (2021). Teorías subjetivas sobre disciplina parental:

Perspectiva de los profesionales en trabajo social y psicología [Subjective theories about

parental discipline: Perspective of professionals in social work and psychology].

Actualidades en Psicología, 35(131), 53-70. https://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ap.v35i131.41915

Jiménez, A. G. A. (2023). Acceso a la justicia y tentativa de femicidio: Experiencias de las

mujeres sobrevivientes en Ecuador [Access to justice and attempted femicide: Experiences

of women survivors in Ecuador]. In A. M. A. González & V. Villamediana (Eds.), Género,

violencia y estado: Estudios desde Colombia y Ecuador (Vol. 1, pp. 203-240). Editorial

Universidad Icesi. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.26193419.12

Lind, C. (2024). Parenthood and parental responsibility: Legal messaging and the power of law.

Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 1-17.

https://doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2024.2414617

Macía, P., Estevez, A., Iruarrizaga, I., Olave, L., Chávez, M. D., & Momeñe, J. (2022). Mediating

role of intimate partner violence between emotional dependence and addictive behaviours

in adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 873247.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873247

Maercker, A., Cloitre, M., Bachem, R., Schlumpf, Y. R., Khoury, B., Hitchcock, C., & Bohus, M.

(2022). Complex post-traumatic stress disorder. The Lancet, 400(10345), 60-72.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00821-2

Medina-Maldonado, V., Del Mar Pastor-Bravo, M., Vargas, E., Francisco, J., & Ruiz, I. J. (2022).

Adolescent dating violence: Results of a mixed study in Quito, Ecuador. Journal of

Interpersonal Violence, 37(17-18), NP15205-NP15230.

https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211001471

Millum, J. (2008). How do we acquire parental responsibilities? Social Theory and Practice,

34(1), 71-93. https://doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract20083414

Muriel, M. C. R., & Velasco, S. Á. (2019). Exclude to protect - Protection under exclusion: The

"war" against human trafficking and migrant smuggling and the new logics of migration

control in Ecuador [Excluir para proteger - Protection under exclusion: La "guerra" contra la

trata y el tráfico de migrantes y las nuevas lógicas de control migratorio en Ecuador].

Sociological Studies, 37(111), 689-726. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26798691

Ochoa-Escobar, L., Peñafiel-Palacios, A., Vinueza-Ochoa, N., & Sánchez-Santacruz, R. (2021).

Best interests of children and adolescents in Ecuador [Interés superior de los niños, niñas

y adolescentes en Ecuador]. Conrado, 17(83), 422-429.

O'Cinneide, C. (2020). The human rights of migrants with irregular status: Giving substance to

aspirations of universalism. In S. Spencer & A. Triandafyllidou (Eds.), Migrants with

irregular status in Europe (pp. 67-86). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34324-

8_4

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

Perälä-Littunen, S., & Böök, M. L. (2012). The beginning and end of parental responsibility -

Finnish parents' views. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 43(6), 925-941.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/41756278

Pispira, J., Cevasco, J., & Silva, M. L. (2022). Gender-based violence in Latin America (Ecuador

and Argentina): Current state and challenges in the development of psychoeducational

materials. Discover Psychology, 2(1), Article 48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-022-

00060-4

Robledo, J. P., Cross, I., Boada-Bayona, L., & Demogeot, N. (2022). Back to basics: A re-

evaluation of the relevance of imprinting in the genesis of Bowlby's attachment theory.

Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1033746. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1033746

Rodríguez, J. R., Álvarez, J. C., Martín, A. G. L., Ibáñez, J. G., & Salvioli, F. (2022). Advances

in the consolidation of the right to truth in the universal system for the protection of human

rights and its strengthening in the conventional framework [Avances en la consolidación del

derecho a la verdad en el sistema universal de protección de los derechos humanos y su

apuntalamiento en el marco convencional]. In Right to truth and international law in relation

to gross violations of human rights (2nd ed., pp. 311-372). Berg Institute.

https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.22730450.12

Ruggiero, R. (2022). Article 18: Rights concerning parental responsibility. In Z. Vaghri, J.

Zermatten, G. Lansdown, & R. Ruggiero (Eds.), Monitoring state compliance with the UN

Convention on the Rights of the Child (pp. 309-330). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-

3-030-84647-3_17

Sabina, C., Pérez-Figueroa, D., Reyes, L., Campaña Medina, E., Pereira de Souza, E.,

Markovits, L., Oña Jacho, A. C., & Rojas Bohorquez, G. K. (2023). Evaluation of integrative

community therapy with domestic violence survivors in Quito, Ecuador. International

Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(8), Article 5492.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085492

Sanabria, L. P. B. (2024). The protection of motherhood in the context of the collaborative

economy impact on the sustainability of the comprehensive social security system [La

protección de la maternidad en el contexto de la economía colaborativa incidencia en el

sostenimiento del sistema de seguridad social integral]. In D. H. B. Ramírez (Ed.), Derecho

y economía digital: Perspectivas y desafíos (pp. 255-280). Editorial Universidad del

Rosario. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.17912860.14

Spermon, D., Darlington, Y., & Gibney, P. (2010). Psychodynamic psychotherapy for complex

trauma: Targets, focus, applications, and outcomes. Psychology Research and Behavior

Management, 3, 119-127. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S10215

Tian, Y., Li, W., Wu, X., & Cheng, X. (2022). Complex PTSD in Chinese adolescents exposed to

childhood trauma: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(21-22),

NP20190-NP20211. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211050111

Torres-Castillo, T. R., Rivera-Velasco, L. A., & Ronquillo-Riera, O. I. (2021). La acción

extraordinaria de protección analizada desde la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional

del Ecuador [The extraordinary protection action analyzed from the jurisprudence of the

Constitutional Court of Ecuador]. Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores,

9(1), Article 00056. https://doi.org/10.46377/dilemas.v9i1.2891

Vinueza-Veloz, M. F., Nuñez-Rivero, Y., Leyva-Montero, M. L. Á., Montero-López, I. L., & Mera-

Segovia, C. M. (2021). Socio-demographic determinants of violence in older people in

Ecuador [Determinantes sociodemográficos de violencia en adultos mayores ecuatorianos

[Socio-demográficos determinantes de violencia en adultos mayores ecuatorianos [Socio-

demographic determinants of violence in older people in Ecuador]. Revista Española de

Geriatría y Gerontología, 56(1), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2020.06.003

Walker-Descartes, I., Mineo, M., Condado, L. V., & Agrawal, N. (2021). Domestic violence and

its effects on women, children, and families. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 68(2), 455-

464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2020.12.011

Revista Multidisciplinaria Perspectivas Investigativas

Multidisciplinary Journal Investigative Perspectives

Vol. 5(3), 1-24, 2025

Análisis psicológico – jurídico sobre vulneración de derechos del niño en contextos de violencia intrafamiliar

Psychological and legal analysis of child rights violations in contexts of domestic violence

Julio Juvenal Aldana-Zavala

Wilkinson, S. R. (2023). Bowlby's five therapeutic tasks: Bringing them up to date for children.

BJPsych Bulletin, 48(4), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2023.67

Xu, H. (2021). What should parents do for their children A philosophical view of parental

obligation. A philosophical view of parental obligation.] Open Journal of Philosophy, 11,

427-443. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2021.114029

Zschommler, L. V. (2022). The insufficiency of the differential approach and the need for the

adoption of the intersectional approach in the protection of human rights: An analysis from

the Gonzáles Lluy and others vs. Ecuador case of the Inter-American Court of Human

Rights [La insuficiencia del enfoque diferencial y la necesidad de la adopción del enfoque

interseccional en la protección de derechos humanos: Un análisis desde el caso Gonzáles

Lluy y otros vs. Ecuador de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos]. In R. Abello-

Galvis, W. Arévalo-Ramírez, H. Olasolo, & M. Urueña-Sánchez (Eds.), Aportes

iberoamericanos al derecho internacional: Pandemias, corrupción, transiciones,

inversiones, derechos humanos y medio ambiente (pp. 293-310). Editorial Universidad del

Rosario. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2k055vz.14

the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/